Data on self-esteem among adolescents in India

A person's total perception of his or her value or worth is referred to as self-esteem. It may serve as a proxy for how much a person "values, approves of, appreciates, prizes, or likes [him or herself]". The study's major goals were to assess adolescents' levels of self-esteem and examine the impact assertiveness training had on those adolescents' self-esteem. The research design selected for the study was pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test research design". Anon-probability convenience sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 60 adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was the study's primary instrument, a 10-item questionnaire that a person fills out and scores on a 0-3 scale, containing both positive and negative items, is used to measure one's degree of self-esteem. In this case, questions 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 had lower scores than questions 1,3,4,7 and 10. The Likert scale looks like this: Strongly disagree, strongly agree, agree, and disagree. The mean Self-Esteem score prior to the test was 11.33 with a standard deviation of 1.28, whereas the mean Self-Esteem score after the test was 21.16 with a standard deviation of 1.94. The mean difference of 9.83 is significant at 0.001 levels. The 't' value of 33.4 was higher than the table value. This study provides evidence of adolescents' self-esteem has been improved through assertiveness training.

©Biomedical Informatics (2023) Bioinformation 19 (11): 1086-1089 (2023) 1088 employed for the investigation.There were two parts to the Tool.The Rosenberg Self-Esteem range is a 10-item questionnaire comprising positive and negative items that are meant to gauge an individual's level of self-esteem (Table 1).Each response is scored on a range of 0 to 3. In this case, questions 2,5,6,8 and 9 had lower scores than questions 1,3,4,7 and 10.The Likert scale looks like this: Strongly disagree, strongly agree, agree, and disagree.The present study was approved by the Institutional ethics committee and an informed consent was taken from all the subjects after explaining the test procedures and the goal of the study in local language.

Data collection method:
The quality and accuracy of the data obtained are determined by the data collection procedures, which are essential to the research process [11][12].To conduct the study formal approval was acquired from the Principal and Head of the Department at Nootan College of Nursing, the Head Master, and the Chief Educational Officer at Nootan SarvaVidhyalaya Higher Secondary School.Before the study was done, a brief introduction and explanation of the nature and purpose of the study's intervention were explained.All subjects' parents provided both written and verbal consent.Each week, 10 subjects were chosen.On the first day of the pre-test, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to gauge the teenagers' level of self-esteem.Training in assertiveness was provided, and it had eight components: circumstance, respect for others, and appreciation of oneself, appreciation of others, mirror acting, mirror talking, self-improvement exercises, and narrative.

Statistical Analysis:
Data analysis techniques include descriptive and inferential statistics [13].Data are conveyed as mean ± standard deviation (SD).The acquired data were analyzed using MANCOVA and student t-test in SPSS (version 16) at the significant level of Pvalue 0.05.

Results:
According to given data, 42 adolescents (or 70%) had poor levels of self-esteem, whereas 18 adolescents (or 30%) had moderate levels.The majority of the teenagers (38/63.3%)who participated in the post-intervention assertiveness training assessment had high levels of self-esteem, while 22 (36.7%) had average level.According to Figure 1, 42 (70%) of the adolescents who completed the pre-test had low levels of self-esteem, whereas 18 (30%) had average levels (Table 2).After receiving assertiveness training, the majority of the adolescents 38 out of them had high levels of selfesteem in the post-test, while 22 out of them or 36.7% had average levels.The above table depicts the Mean of the Pre-test and Post-test was 11.33 and 21.16 respectively and the Standard Deviation of the Pretest and Post-test was 1.2 and 1.9 respectively.The Mean difference was 9.83.The paired "t" -test value was 33.4.This showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test levels of Self-Esteem among adolescents.83.The paired t -"test value was 33.4.This showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test levels of Self-Esteem among adolescents (Table 3).
Table 4: Association between the levels of self-esteem among adolescents with their selected socio-demographic variables Table 4 explains the association between the levels of Self-Esteem among adolescents with their selected sociodemographic variables.Chi-square analysis revealed that there was an association between the post-test level of Self-Esteem and age(13 years),monthly income(belowRs.3000,)andmothers" educational status (No formal education).All other variables were not significantly associated among the adolescents with their post-test scores.

Discussion:
The purpose of this research was to find out how assertiveness training improved the self-esteem of adolescents who participated in Visnagar School.On the first day, a pre-test was done, and the adolescents' level of self-esteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.From the day of the pre-test until the day of the post-test, assertiveness training with eight components -situation, respecting others, self-appreciation, appreciation of others, mirror talking, mirror acting exercise, self-improvement exercise, and storytelling was delivered.The mean post-test self-esteem score was 21.16, whereas the pre-test self-esteem score was 11.33; this variation in mean resulted from the assertiveness training interventions and was not by chance.This demonstrated that there was a substantial difference in the adolescents' self-esteem levels before and after taking the test.The results of the chi-square analysis indicated that it was related to the level of self-esteem at the post-test.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: The cylinder diagram quotes the distribution of adolescents according to their level of pre and post-test level of Self-Esteem.

Figure 2 :
Figure 2: The cylinder diagram depicts the effectiveness of assertiveness training on self-esteem among adolescents.

Figure 2
Figure 2 depicts the Mean of the Pre-test and Post-test was 11.33 and 21.16 respectively and the Standard Deviation of the Pre-test and Post-test was 1.2 and 1.9 respectively.The Mean difference was

Table 3 : Mean and standard deviation of Pre-test and Post-test level of self- esteem among adolescents
The current study has been confirmed by Khansa Malik and Bince Varghese [10], who conducted a study on the impact of assertiveness training on adolescents' self-esteem in 2020.Our results were also in agreement